Essay about The Terri Schiavo Case and Euthanasia

The poem â€Å"To the Mercy Killers† by Dudley Randall refers to the ongoing debate of the right to live. â€Å"If ever mercy move you murder me, I pray you, kindly killers, let me live† (Randall 623). Here he is most likely referring to doctors as â€Å"kindly killers† who feel that letting him die would be a mercy to him. Randall clearly believes that life is a treasured gift, and should not be purposely extinguished for any reason. However, terminally ill patients should have the right to decide whether they want to die or not. In 2003, much of the American public first became aware of a brain damaged woman named Terri Schiavo. On February 25, 1990, Terri Schiavo collapsed in her home from unknown causes. Terri’s husband, Michael Schiavo, told†¦show more content†¦Bush got involved. Michael Schiavo was appalled by these attempts: Right now I am very outraged. This is a sad day for Terri and this is a sad day for everybody in America because the government is going to trample on all of your personal and private matters. This is an outrage, they have no business in this matter. Terri made her wishes, it has been adjudicated in a state court over the last seven years. Eighteen judges have heard this. Appeals have been heard. The Supreme Court justices have heard this, and now the House of Representatives and the Senate are saying that they are wrong. They are thumbing their nose up at the constitution† (Democracy Now). However, the hastily passed laws both the state of Florida and the federal government are eventually deemed unconstitutional by the courts. The feeding tube is removed on March 18, 2005 despite frantic appeals of the Schindlers and organizations that support them. On March 31, 2005, at 9:05am, Terri Schiavo died a â€Å"calm, peaceful, and gentle death† according to Michael’s attorney (China Daily). The eventual autopsy found that, â€Å"The damage was irreversible,† and that â€Å"No amount of therapy or treatment could have regenerated the massive loss of neurons† (University of Miami). The large amount of controversy the Schiavo case caused is still remembered by many today. When the case was in the news, everyone had their own opinion. Some believed that justShow MoreRelatedTerri Schaivo: Euthanasia or Mercy Killing?791 Words   |  4 PagesThe story of Terri Schiavo is definitely a controversial one, both medically and morally. In 1990, at the age of 26, Terri suffered from mysterious cardio-respiratory arrest. Even today, no cause for this arrest has ever been determined. Following her cardio-respiratory attack, Schiavo was diagnosed with hypoxic encephalopathy, which is a neurological injury caused by lack of oxygen to the brain. Post mortem, Schiavos brain was discovered to be half the normal weight, thus proving severe neuronalRead MoreEuthanasi A Way Out Of Suffering1742 Words   |  7 Pages Euthanasia; A Way Out Of Suffering Chelsey L. Isner Weir High School Mrs. Lengthorn Mrs. Pellegrino  Abstract Human euthanization is not something new, but it is widely believed to be unethical. In reality, human euthanization is a painless solution to a terminal illness. The topic of this paper is how euthanization for humans is not a bad thing. During the writing process questions were asked about how religion views euthanasia, if it would be used for suicidal purposes, If Belgium’s lawRead MoreThe Terri Schiavo Case1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe Terri Schiavo Case Research Essay ISU On February 28, 1990, twenty six-year old Terri Schiavo suffered severe brain damage when her heart stopped for five minutes. Terris condition was the subject of intense debate and media scrutiny over the subject of euthanasia and guardianship. Given the circumstances of Terris vegetated condition, and no physical proof of her wishes, the last word on whether or not Terri would stay alive was given to her husband Michael Schiavo, by the state of FloridaRead MoreEthical Implications and Obligations to Your Profession and Work as a Nurse1007 Words   |  4 Pagesobligations to your profession and work as a nurse The 1973 case of Donald Dax Cowart, and the 2005 case of Terri Schiavo reveals the complex issues surrounding euthanasia, right to die, legal guardianship, and patient autonomy. These are issues that most nurses wish they did not have to face, but ultimately must during the course of our work. Nurses are on the front lines of patient care. In both the cases of Dax Cowart and of Terri Schiavo, nurses spent a great deal of time with the patients in theirRead MoreEssay on The Terri Schiavo’s Case Analysis1037 Words   |  5 PagesThe Terri Schiavo’s Case Analysis When a patient is unable to make decisions for himself or herself, their caregivers and those who know them are appointed to make the decisions based on what the patient would have wanted. This is called surrogate decision making. According to the article Terri Schiavo and End-of-Life Decisions â€Å"when surrogate decision makers and caregivers cannot agree upon what that choice would have been, they may turn to the courts to determine either what the now-incapacitatedRead MoreEuthanasi Euthanasia And Euthanasia861 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia, the practice of medically terminating life in order to relieve pain and suffering of a patient, has been a complex and controversial topic since its conception. In ancient Greece and Rome attitudes toward active euthanasia, and suicide had tended to be tolerant. However, the rise of the Christian faith reinforced the views of the Hippocratic Oath, a swearing of ethical conduct historically taken by physicians. This shift concluded a medical consensus in opposition of euthanasia. IssuesRead MoreAnalysis of an Ethical Dilemma Essay1232 Words   |  5 Pages Voluntary/ Assisted Euthanasia By Feba Erattakulangara, Jacinda Koski, Nne Uyoh, Olga Gray Grand Canyon University Ethical Decision Making in Health Care NRS 437V February 24, 2013 Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma (Part1) Voluntary/ Assisted Euthanasia Amongst the multitude of ethical dilemmas in health care the debate about voluntary or assisted euthanasia presents to be the most controversial. For over two thousandRead MoreVoluntary/Assisted Euthanasia Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesVoluntary/Assisted Euthanasia Grand Canyon University Ethical Decision Making in Health Care Voluntary/Assisted Euthanasia (Thesis, Description of the topic and related ethical implications, Obligations to your profession and work as a nurse) Debra Burden The purpose of this paper is to define the issue and legalities of assisted death and the key ethical arguments, including the social values and norms, encompassing this topic. Also included in this paper on voluntary/assisted suicideRead MoreEuthanasia Essay : Euthanasia The Right1403 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia the right to die whit dignity Euthanasia is one of the most historically debated, discussed topics in medicine, law and ethics. Doctors, religious, lawyers and relatives of terminally ill patients, leave testimonials that make us reflect on the topic. Right to die with dignity or live with pain and suffering? A question that we do ask when we live experiences of loved ones who suffer daily pain, having an undeserving life. Euthanasia is currently referring to the act of ending the lifeRead MoreShould Euthanasia or Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal1818 Words   |  8 Pages  Should Euthanasia or Physician Assisted Suicide be Legal?         One day while interning at the Animal Clinic of Bay Ridge I witnessed something so cruel. This middle-aged shiatsu was dropped off at the animal clinic. Mind you, the owners didn’t even bother to come in the room with the dog. As I played with the dog until he would be â€Å"putdown† I wondered why in the world someone would put such a lovely dog down is unimaginable. Despite being sorry for the dog I feel euthanizing both animals and human

Effect Of Leadership Traits On Employee Performance Commerce Essay Free Essays

string(146) " the leader influences all kinds of employee variables like organisational committedness, occupation satisfaction, public presentation and so on\." Within every company a leader is needed. Sometimes even more than one, when a company has grown and therefore exists out of multiple divisions. These leaders are of import because they give the company a way to caput to, and teach the employees to make this in the best possible manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect Of Leadership Traits On Employee Performance Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Particularly when a company has merely been started, it is really of import to do certain that everyone does his very best and knows precisely what to make in order to diminish the opportunity of failure of the new venture. Past research has shown that entrepreneurship forms a important portion of every economic system in many ways ( Van Praag A ; Versloot, 2007 ) . For illustration, the generating of employment ( Sutton, 1997 ) , economic growing through entrepreneurship ( Carry A ; Thurik, 2003 ) , the importance of little and average sized houses associating to invention ( Biggs, 2002 ) and economic value creative activity ( Parker, 2004 ) . Therefore, it is really of import to cognize every bit much about this whole procedure as possible. This can merely lend to increasing the per centum of successfully started ventures. Due to the fiscal crisis in 2009, the per centum of failures in new ventures has been really high ( Graydon, 2010 ) . As this has great effects for the economic system, it is of import that this per centum goes down in the coming old ages. A batch of research has already been done on this topic, but clear grounds on leading in combination with enterprisers that start up a new comp any is still losing. In order to acquire to cognize more about the leading of enterprisers, this research is aimed at the enterprisers in Amsterdam who have merely started their ain company. The research is done to acquire an reply to the inquiry of what leading traits lead to the biggest opportunity of conveying the new venture to a success. In Amsterdam, there are a batch of new start-ups every twelvemonth and together with the easy handiness to these enterprisers and their companies ; this environing signifiers an outstanding possibility to make research in. Hopefully this survey leads to a more clear vision on the success traits of enterprisers who have to move every bit leaders as good in conveying their start-ups to a success. The following subdivision, which is the theoretical model, will discourse the bing literature on leading traits, the features that distinguish an enterpriser from a non-entrepreneur and recent literature on leading combined with entrepreneurship. Section three is the methodological analysis subdivision and discusses everything that is of import in making this research. For illustration, the research method that is traveling to be used, and the features of the research. Theoretical model 2.1 Leadership In the yesteryear, there have been 100s of articles written on leading. In the 1950 ‘s, Bales based his research on the differentiation between two different leading attacks, viz. : task-oriented manner and the interpersonally oriented manner. The task-oriented manner is frequently associated with the ‘initiation of construction ‘ as construction was what it was all about. The interpersonally oriented manner is related with consideration, and was based on common relationships with followings and so on ( Eagly A ; Johannesen-Schmidt, 2001 ) . Later on, research was frequently aimed at the differentiation between democratic and bossy leading ( Vroom A ; Yetton, 1973 ) and therefore differentiated leaders who allowed followings to take part in determination devising and those who did non ( Eagly A ; Johannesen-Schmidt, 2001 ) . Burns ( 1978 ) argued that some of import leading traits were losing. Three new types of leading were recognized. The transformational leade r was person who stood for individualized consideration, rational stimulation, inspirational motive and idealized influence ( Saunders et al. , 2007 ) . The 2nd type was the transactional leader, person who brought the contingent wages system, to merely honor followings if they had performed good plenty, and merely changed something when it did non work, which was called direction by exclusion ( Saunders et al. , 2007 ) . The last type was the Individualistic leader. This leader was person who likely did non hold adequate accomplishments or motive and therefore avoided doing determinations and being responsible. Apart from spliting leaders into the manners they follow, the can be differentiated on leading traits. There are besides many surveies aimed at the features of people that make them a leader. Although none of these results were precisely the same, the most articles did come to the similar features that differentiate a leader from person who is non. Stogdill ( 1974 ) and House A ; Baetz ( 1979 ) showed that leaders tend to be higher in ( 1 ) intelligence, ( 2 ) laterality, ( 3 ) assurance, ( 4 ) energy and ( 5 ) cognition of the undertaking than non-leaders. Throughout these surveies, the most of import inquiry was what the most of import features of a born leader are. But research besides showed that it is non about holding these features, but how to utilize them in a manner that makes you effectual as a leader. Therefore, Kouzes and Posner ( 2007 ) did research on the leading behavior and found that this behavior can be identified through five factors, viz. ( 1 ) animating a vision that is shared, ( 2 ) patterning the manner, ( 3 ) promoting the bosom of the followings, ( 4 ) disputing the procedure and ( 5 ) enabling others to move. Different types of undertakings frequently ask for different leader features and behaviors. Therefore it is of import that a leader knows how to accommodate to certain fortunes. This makes him other than his followings and therefore person with whom they can interact. Fiedler ( 1967 ) argues through his eventuality theory that the ultimate leading behavior is dependent upon the state of affairs. Thereby, Fiedler has besides stated that experience is more of import than intelligence in some hard state of affairss. This means that leaders besides grow as they gain working experience, and utilize this experience in state of affairss that require more than unconditioned traits. This is really of import because of the fact that the leader influences all kinds of employee variables like organisational committedness, occupation satisfaction, public presentation and so on. You read "Effect Of Leadership Traits On Employee Performance Commerce Essay" in category "Essay examples" ( Kouzes A ; Posner, 2007 ) . Research done on leading has a batch of things in common with research in other Fieldss. One illustration is the research on traits of a specific type of individual. This research is besides done in the field of employees as followings of leaders, but besides for illustration the features of employees in combination with occupation satisfaction and organisational committedness. Another illustration is research on features of people with regard to working-groups or calling direction. One of the most similar types of research compared to surveies on leading is the research on enterprisers. What are the traits of a existent enterpriser? Why is one enterpriser more successful so another? In a batch of ways this research is comparable. 2.2 Entrepreneurship The research on entrepreneurship and leading is really similar in many ways ( Ensley et al. , 2006 ) . The facet that is most similar is the hunt for traits that makes person good and efficient in his function. This type of research is called the â€Å" traits attack † . Throughout the old ages, a batch of research was done on two facets within this traits attack. The first facet is the consequence of the state of affairs on enterprisers ( e.g. Kirzner, 1997 ) or leaders ( e.g. Wofford and Liska, 1993 ) and the 2nd facet is the behavior of enterprisers ( e.g. Shaver and Scott, 1991 ) or leaders ( e.g. Bass, 1990 ) . Merely like with a leader, an enterpriser besides influences the public presentation of his organisation. He can be the 1 who makes the difference between success and failure of the new venture. Some research workers say that this is due to his features that divide him from others, such as risk-taking leaning ( Stewart A ; Roth, 2001 ) , high self-efficacy ( Chen, Greene A ; Crick, 1998 ) or to detect chances that others do non ( Alvarez A ; Busenitz, 2001 ) . But other research workers say that it is due to the behavior of the enterpriser that concerns increase the opportunities to win, so how he uses these features ( Bass, 1990 ) . Either manner, a batch of similarities are found between leaders and enterprisers, which makes it interesting to analyze the combination of the two. 2.3 Uniting leading with entrepreneurship As leaders and enterprisers have a batch in common, it is non a surprise to cognize that the two can be combined. In fact, research has showed that being a leader while get downing a new venture, and therefore being an enterpriser, is of import in order to acquire the most out of the company. As stated above, leaders are able to act upon facets such as the motive, productiveness, and committedness of employees and therefore act upon the overall public presentation ( Kouzes A ; Posner, 2007 ) . As enterprisers are depending to a great extent on the employees in the beginning stage of the new venture, it is of import to convey up the best out of these employees ( aˆÂ ¦ . ) . Different types of leaders have different kinds of influence on their followings. This is an of import thing to maintain in head while making research. Each type of leading has its ain advantages and disadvantages and therefore respond different to a specific state of affairs. For illustration, transformational and magnetic leading are frequently related to a better public presentation of workgroups and organisations ( Saunders et al. , 2007 ) . Another illustration is that a transformational leader wants to be seen as ‘the great leader ‘ and does non pay any attending to the state of affairs or his followings, while a democratic leader is person who joins the group and works every bit difficult as the remainder ( Saunders et al. , 2007 ) . In order to allow the employees work every bit efficient as possible it is of import to cognize what type of leader tantrums best in the start-up. Up till now there has been little old research on the combination of leading traits and entrepreneurship. Therefore there are few researches to trust on for now. What is utile is research that has been done on leading in different state of affairss. One of the most of import in this field is that of Fiedler, who did research on different factors act uponing leading public presentation. For illustration, his cognitive research theory, which was aimed at stressful-situations, leading intelligence and leading experience. Although non everyone was to the full convinced by these theories ( Vecchio, 1992 ) , there have non been any cardinal challenges of the theory. Methodology 3.1 Research scene The scene of this research is based on Amsterdam and its milieus. This is because of the fact that these companies are easy accessible for the research worker. Thereby comes that a batch of the enterprisers in Amsterdam are united in several associations. For illustration, the ‘Ondernemersgroep Amsterdam ‘ , ‘het Ondernemershuis ‘ and MKB Groot Amsterdam. Furthermore, the ‘Kamer new wave Koophandel ‘ , which is Dutch for Chamber of Commerce, is located near the Centre of the metropolis. These associations will likely be able to give all the information that is needed for this research. 3.2 Research features This research will be done through utilizing a cross-sectional attack. This can be described as a ‘snapshot ‘ clip skyline. Due to clip restraints and informations handiness it is likely the best option to utilize. Of class, being able to analyze alterations and developments of certain companies over clip, and therefore utilizing a longitudinal attack, would likely take to even more specified consequences ( Saunders et al. , 2007 ) , but this option would take excessively much clip. So, informations from companies that are in their first or 2nd twelvemonth of concern will be used, this information is still recent and should non take to much problem when roll uping. Thereby comes that the enterprisers should still be clearly cognizant of how they fulfilled their leading functions, with regard to the traits of their leading type. Clear should be that the degree of analysis is on the firm-level and that the research is practice-driven. This research could be valuable to the theoretical scientific discipline as it is seeking to acquire a better apprehension of certain phenomena, but besides in pattern where enterpriser and leader can larn from. By cognizing more about the traits of each function, and particularly for enterprisers how to unite the traits of these two functions could be really valuable ( Ensley et al. , 2006 ) . The social relevancy therefore plays a bigger function than the scientific relevancy. The companies that are traveling to be used in this survey are likely all established within Amsterdam and its milieus. Besides, they have to be registered at one or more of the above mentioned associations so that the entree to the enterprisers and necessary informations will be available. Variables used in this survey will be traits of enterprisers as they are besides perceived as leaders within their company, and the company ‘s public presentation. For many companies the term of one or two old ages after start-up will likely be excessively short to be able to talk of a success or failure of the company. Therefore, the company ‘s public presentation as in being good on path compared to what was planned earlier, the opportunity of lasting the following old ages, and employee public presentation will be used to mensurate the company ‘s state of affairs. 3.3 Restrictions The end of this research is to acquire an indicant of the effects of leading traits on the public presentation of little entrepreneurial ventures that have merely started. In this first bowl, it is of import to allow the employees be every bit efficient as possible, as most of the resources such as money and clip are limited and rivals are frequently watching the company closely to do usage of any errors made. A quantitative attack will be used through looking at company ‘s public presentation in relation to leading traits of the enterprisers. Hopefully, afterwards the cognition on this particular topic will be deepened and be utile for scientific discipline every bit good as in pattern. For illustration, a relation between the traits of a leader that inspires his employees to work towards a certain end every bit efficient as possible is extremely related to a good executing start-up. In Figure 1, a schematical position on the research is given. The normal line between ‘leadership traits ‘ and ‘start-up public presentation ‘ is the chief relation that will be investigated in this research. The flecked lines, between ‘leadership traits ‘ and employee public presentation, and between ’employee public presentation ‘ and start-up public presentation ‘ will likely besides be investigated, although this is still a spot unsure because of the fact that garnering the information will be comparatively hard and there may besides be excessively many other facets that could act upon this relationship. Therefore, a spot more research has to be done foremost on the ’employee public presentation ‘ as a moderating/mediating variable. Figure 1. A schematical position on the variables and their relation to each other. An advantage of this survey can be that the combination of leading and entrepreneurship on the degree of little start-ups is still comparatively bleary and therefore has the possibility to open up a new portion of this field. Thereby comes that this research is chiefly aimed to better the cognition of enterprisers on leading traits that are helpful in the beginning stage of a company, which means that the state of affairs can be seen from the houses point of position, alternatively of a theoretical point of position which sometimes differs excessively much from world ( Saunders at al. , 2007 ) . This survey will hold a batch of restrictions. One of them is the sample size. Through bounds on clip and resources it will be impossible to acquire a really big sample size. Amsterdam will be taken as the chief country of the start-ups of which informations will be gathered. Thereby comes, that there is a bound on the sum of start-ups, as the figure of new ventures depend on all kinds of variables and conditions. Besides, non all informations may be available for every company due to privacy grounds or unwillingness to collaborate of enterprisers. Another restriction can be the usage of Amsterdam as the chief part of entrepreneurial activity. Several factors within Amsterdam and its surrounding can be of influence on the consequences and therefore consequences do non hold to be generalizable in other parts of the universe. Amsterdam being a big metropolis, the capital of the Netherlands, and for illustration a big tourer attractive force. Furthermore, This research is aimed at start -ups and therefore is non generalizable for every company, as several resources such as clip, money and employees are frequently really limited. Small Planning tabular array Event Get downing day of the month Completing day of the month Discoursing the subject, with Ms. van Eerde and supervisor 6thJanuary Bettering the literature reappraisal and methodological analysis 7thJanuary Middle of February Get downing with study ‘s etc, because this will ever take longer than expected. Middle of February Middle of March Gathering informations through studies Middle of March Get downing of April Processing the informations, consequences subdivision Get downing of April End of April Writing the Conclusion and Discussion subdivision End of April End of May I know that this planning is really optimistic, but I have to get down with everything every bit shortly as possible, as I know from past experience that everything takes much longer than panned. Therefore, I set my coating day of the month early, as this will certainly be postponed. How to cite Effect Of Leadership Traits On Employee Performance Commerce Essay, Essay examples

Cheating in College free essay sample

Cheating in College â€Å"Cheating is to deceive by trickery; swindle† (Dictionary. com). From time to time, every person has cheated. The problem of cheating, or academic dishonesty is not a new problem in college. Ever since there have been exams to cheat on, papers to copy, and homework to be copied. More and more, faculty is trying to understand why students cheat, and how to combat cheating. There are a number of reasons that students cheat are that they want to get good grades, it is an easy work to do, everyone does it, and it is even fun to do. Cheating can take the form of working together rather than independently on projects, access to tests or answer keys, taking exams for others; doing another’s assignments, purchasing research papers, taking cheat notes into an exam, copy of work another students and claim it as his or hers or simply plagiarism. â€Å"Plagiarism is the unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as ones own original work† (Dictionary. com). Plagiarism has become more popular among college students. This type of cheating includes but it is not limited to copying and pasting text from one site directly to his or her report, paraphrasing ideas from someone else work, paying someone to do a paper on his or her behalf, without citing of every source. In fact, anything that allows a person to have education biased in favor of him or her can be interpreted as cheating. Cheating happens in the classroom more often than could be recognized. Some of the cheating is intentional, while other cheating could take place accidentally. However, academic cheating is not only an activity that exists in the classroom, it passes through in college. Cheating therefore does not need to be for personal gain. The person who helps others cheat is also cheating. Therefore, if a Professor allows cheating, they are cheaters. There are pros and cons of cheating such as it is little work required for a passing or obtain good grade, getting something for nothing, and can help student get ahead when it works, students are more likely to make better decisions rather than cheating. The consequences of cheating are can result in a failing grade and even discharge from school, become a habit and destroying students’ future. Cheating in order to get material from books or the Internet, copying the homework of other, it results in not having to work very hard and get ahead when it is successful. A passing grade or even good grade on GPA that it may be enough to push students in front of the crowd to qualify for a better job. Cheating is like getting something for nothing and students feel tempted to do it once in a while. Sometimes students avoid to do their homework or studying for a test, they are too busy or forget to do the work or even it is because they just do not feel like doing the work. Then they just copy other students’ homework or test answers to free up their time. Students are more likely to make better decisions rather than cheating since college discipline create new ways of intervention become so strict could lead to and does not exclude be disqualified. However, down side of cheating is more damaging rather than benefits. Get caught cheating on a test or copying someone elses material for homework can result in a lowered grade and even kicking out from college. † Even if you dont get caught, there is still the problem that you havent learned the material. That ignorance may come to haunt you down the road, when you are required to apply what youve learned† (Kurtus). For example, if student cheat through spelling tests, they wont learn how to spell because they dont make an honest attempt to learn as much as they can. Those people may go far in life, but he or she will never be a champion. Some students have cheated once, they feel guilty and feel don’t deserve the grade they received. They decide that it is not worth it but unfortunately most of them feel can’t stop cheating and become a habit. Some students have cheated once, feel guilty and decide it is not worth it but unfortunately most of them, feel can’t stop cheating and become a habit. Consequence for cheating at academics by plagiarism is severe at most colleges. It is even worse where companies treat employees who cheat and it can lead to prison, criminal record, financial and family ruin, and tarnish their reputation, they have a lot to lose. To sum up, another reason that students cheat is that they strive for that all-important GPA that is necessary to get into a good job or future. This pressure can be self-cause, or pressure from high expectation parents to make students have a better life. Students may gain in the short-term with good grades, but not in the long run. They are setting themselves up for failure in later classes. Students will probably end up lacking needed knowledge and skill that they have to apply at work. But it can also result in serious consequences, if they are get caught. It is much better to work efficiently and effectively so that tests are not that difficult to do. And always have positive thinking that they should realize that they have the potential to get good grades without cheating. Works Cited Cheating. (n. d. ). In Dictionary online. Retrieved from http://www. dictionary. reference. com/browse/cheating? s=t Kurtus, ron. â€Å"Cheating To Get A Better Grade† School for Champions Web. 19 January 2013. Plagiarism. (n. d. ). In Dictionary online. Retrieved from http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/Plagiarism? s=t

Internal Determinants of Attraction

The way people look at the world plays an essential role in determining how they see themselves. Therefore, the way that people look at the world is treated as an ever-changing circle of inspiration (Schiffenbauer 275). It has been observed that depressed people are never interested in getting in touch with the positive side of life like it is the case with happy people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Determinants of Attraction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is also evident that if a person is exposed to a household that is violent, abusive, or overly restrictive, the person has high chances of getting stressed (Singh 294). This paper will, therefore, illustrate attribution and analyze how internal determinants of attraction influence how a person makes decisions on who to get attracted. Attribution is a critical theory which influences the behavior of people and how they relate with each other. It is essential in that it tries to explain the behavior of an individual and how the behaviors of other people influence his conduct (Lo 1949). The attribute is, therefore, an inference about why a person behaves in a particular manner. For a person to adequately explain his behavior and the behavior of his friends and relatives, it is crucial for him to assign attributes to his behaviors and the behaviors of his friends and relatives. These behaviors play an essential role in enabling him to determine whether he will have a positive attraction to himself or other people around him (Nowicki and Blumberg 50). Kausel and Slaughterb stipulate that the two different types of behavior in people are influenced by either internal or external factors (5). For example, there are instances when a person may walk into his boss’s office, and his boss might tell him in an angry tone that he does not wish to be disturbed (Rose, Larkin and Hands 574). From an external point of view, one migh t argue that the boss is a nice guy and that he is being overwhelmed by stress. However, an internal explanation might refer to the boss as a rude person and that he is always angry all the time (Singh 296). There are very many factors which influence how people assign attributes to the behavior of people. They depend on how people portray themselves. These, in turn, influence the kind of attitude that people develop towards a specific person (Highhouse, Thornbury and Little 135). Attitudes are critical in shaping the degree of attraction a person may have towards another person.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It has been observed that a person is normally attracted to certain people and not others (Lo 1949). For example, in the case of friends, a person sees as if his friends are all similar to him in a particular way. This is although his friends are different in the way they beha ve (Schiffenbauer 276). For example, some of a person’s friends might be well mannered while others might be ill-mannered. A person might, however, be unable to distinguish between his best friends among his two categories of friends. Stockdale, therefore, asks what makes a person to choose his friends (192). Berry, on the other hand, stipulates that social psychology and a person’s beliefs play a very important part in influencing the kind of friends that a person chooses and gets attracted to (276). Several reasons have been attributed to why people get attracted to other people. White says that proximity is an essential determinant of why people develop an attraction towards each other (56). For example, it is true that many people live close to each other or they have at one time lived close to each other when their friendship was developing (Berry 279). Friendship and attraction develop after a person gets to know the other person. Therefore, the closer these two people are, the closer they get towards achieving this goal. It has been observed that people who have at one time lived closer to each other or who live close to each other tend to be more attracted to each other especially when they find themselves in a new place where they are surrounded by strangers (White 57). For example, in the case of those people who are assigned seats in a classroom, most of their friends tend to be those whose last names start with the same letter (Nowicki and Blumberg 50). The different fields that people engage in making them relate with each other and determine whether they can get attracted to each other (Lo 1948). For example, two people can meet in a class that they enjoy. In this case, the two people would be highly attracted to each other because they are brought together by a common course. In case a person encounters other people in a class that he does not like or attends a class which he does not understand anything, chances are that if he mee ts another person who he enjoys the same classes with, he would be more attracted to him as opposed to the person that he meets in the class that he does not enjoy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Determinants of Attraction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Singh also points out that similarity determines whether a person would be attracted to another party (297). For example, in the case of a class that a person does not like, he would be attracted to the person who also shows negative feelings to the class because they would be sharing a common feeling. Reciprocal attractiveness also determines whether a person will be attracted to a particular person (Kausel and Slaughterb 10). White points out that people tend to like those people who like them too. People, therefore, need to understand that every person likes to feel likable. Whenever a person likes somebody, who does not like him back, the feeling of attraction begins to fade away (Stockdale 200). Also, if a person feels good when he is around a particular person, he develops a higher level of attraction towards that person. This, therefore, means that if a person wishes other people to get attracted to him, he must also be attracted to them. Physical attractiveness determines how people choose their friends (Singh 300). Although this is not a very significant determinant of attraction, most people tend to choose people who they believe are attractive and who are also close enough to notice their attractiveness as well. Berry stipulates that it is a common occurrence to see beautiful people hanging around other attractive people. It has also been noted that many physically active young women tend to be more attracted to wealthy men (Kausel and Slaughterb 10). This is true because most people tend to assign â€Å"attraction point† or â€Å"social assets† to everyone they meet. These social assets comprise of phys ical attractiveness, education, sense of humor, and education (Nowicki and Blumberg 52). These imply that if a person is educated, he will be attracted to those people who are also educated. In the case of wealth, a wealthy person gets attracted to other people who have more money. It is true therefore that people rate their attraction potential on social assets. Works Cited Berry, Diane. â€Å"Attractiveness, attraction, and sexual selection: Evolutionary perspectives on the form and function of physical attractiveness.† Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 32.1 (2004): 273-342. PrintAdvertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Highhouse, Scott, Erin Thornbury, and Ian Little. â€Å"Social-identity functions of attraction to organizations.† Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 103.1 (2007): 134-136. Print Kausel, Edgar and Jerel Slaughterb. â€Å"Narrow personality traits and organizational attraction: Evidence for the complementary hypothesis.† Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 114.1 (2011): 3-14. Print Lo, Shao-Kang. â€Å"The Impact of Online Game Character’s Outward Attractiveness and Social Status on Interpersonal Attraction.† Computers in Human Behavior 24.5 (2008): 1947-1948. Print Nowicki, Stephen and Neil Blumberg. â€Å"The role of locus of control of reinforcement in interpersonal attraction.† Journal of Research in Personality 9.1 (2004): 48-56. Print Rose, Elizabeth, Dawne Larkin, and Beth Hands. â€Å"Evidence for the validity of the Children’s Attraction to Physical Activity questionnaire (CAPA) with young children .† Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 12.5 (2009): 573-578. Print Schiffenbauer, Allen. â€Å"Physical distance and attraction: An intensification effect.† Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 12.3 (2004): 274-282. Print Singh, Ramadhar. â€Å"Reinforcement and attraction specifying the effects of affective states.† Journal of Research in Personality 8.3 (2004): 294-305. Print Stockdale, Janet. â€Å"Crowding: Determinants and Effects.† Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 11.1 (2008): 192-247. Print White, Gregory. â€Å"Misattribution of arousal and attraction: Effects of the salience of explanations for arousal.† Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 20.1 (2004): 55-64. Print This essay on Internal Determinants of Attraction was written and submitted by user Landen Savage to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biography of José Francisco de San Martín, Latin American Liberator

Biography of Josà © Francisco de San Martà ­n, Latin American Liberator Josà © Francisco de San Martà ­n (February 25, 1778–August 17, 1850) was an Argentine general and governor who led his nation during the wars of Independence from Spain. He is counted among the founding fathers of Argentina and also led the liberations of Chile and Peru. Fast Facts: Josà © Francisco de San Martà ­n Known For:  Leading or helping to lead the liberations of Argentina, Chile and Peru from Spain.Born: February 25, 1778 in Yapeyu, Province of Corrientes, Argentina.Parents: Juan de San Martà ­n and Gregoria Matorras.Died:  August 17, 1850, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.Education: Seminary of Nobles, enrolled as cadet in the Murcia infantry regiment.Published Works:  Antologà ­a.Spouse: Marà ­a de los Remedios de Escalada de la Quintana.Child: Marà ­a de las Mercedes Tomasa de San Martà ­n y Escalada.Notable Quote: The soldiers of our land know no luxury, but glory. Early Life Josà © Francisco de San Martin was born on February 25, 1878 in Yapeyu in the Province of Corrientes, Argentina, the youngest son of Lieutenant Juan de San Martà ­n, the Spanish governor. Yapeyu was a beautiful town on the Uruguay River, and young Josà © lived a privileged life there as the governors son. His dark complexion caused many whispers about his parentage while he was young, although it would serve him well later in life. When Josà © was seven years old, his father was recalled to Spain and returned with his family. In Spain, Josà © attended good schools, including the Seminary of Nobles where he showed skill in math and joined the army as a cadet at the young age of eleven. By seventeen he was a lieutenant and had seen action in North Africa and France. Military Career with the Spanish At the age of 19, he was serving with the Spanish navy, fighting the British on several occasions. At one point, his ship was captured, but he was returned to Spain in a prisoner exchange. He fought in Portugal and at the blockade of Gibraltar, and rose swiftly in rank as he proved to be a skilled and loyal soldier. When France invaded Spain in 1806, he fought against them on several occasions, eventually rising to the rank of Adjutant-General. He commanded a regiment of dragoons, very skilled light cavalry. This accomplished career soldier and war hero seemed the most unlikely of candidates to defect and join the insurgents in South America, but thats exactly what he did. Joining the Rebels In September of 1811, San Martin boarded a British ship in Cadiz with the intention of returning to Argentina, where he had not been since the age of seven, and joining the Independence movement there. His motives remain unclear  but may have had to do with San Martà ­ns ties to the Masons, many of whom were pro-Independence. He was the highest ranking Spanish officer to defect to the patriot side in all of Latin America. He arrived in Argentina in March of 1812 and at first, he was greeted with suspicion by Argentine leaders, but he soon proved his loyalty and ability. San Martà ­n accepted a modest command, but made the most of it, ruthlessly drilling his recruits into a coherent fighting force. In January of 1813, he defeated a small Spanish force that had been harassing settlements on the Parana River. This victory - one of the first for Argentines against the Spanish - captured the imagination of the Patriots, and before long San Martà ­n was head of all of the armed forces in Buenos Aires. The Lautaro Lodge San Martà ­n was one of the leaders of the Lautaro Lodge, a secretive, Mason-like group dedicated to complete liberty for all of Latin America. The Lautaro Lodge members were sworn to secrecy and so little is known about their rituals or even their membership, but they formed the heart of the Patriotic Society, a more public institution which consistently applied political pressure for greater freedom and independence. The presence of similar lodges in Chile and Peru aided the independence effort in those nations as well. Lodge members often held high government posts. Argentinas Army of the North, under the command of General Manuel Belgrano, had been fighting royalist forces from Upper Peru (now Bolivia) to a stalemate. In October 1813, Belgrano was defeated at the Battle of Ayahuma and San Martà ­n was sent to relieve him. He took command in January of 1814 and soon mercilessly drilled the recruits into a formidable fighting force. He decided it would be foolish to attack uphill into fortified Upper Peru. He felt that a far better plan of attack would be to cross the Andes in the south, liberate Chile, and attack Peru from the south and by sea. He would never forget his plan, even though it would take him years to fulfill. Preparations for the Invasion of Chile San Martà ­n accepted the governorship of the Province of Cuyo in 1814 and set up shop in the city of Mendoza, which at that time was receiving numerous Chilean Patriots going into exile after the crushing Patriot defeat at the Battle of Rancagua. The Chileans were divided even amongst themselves, and San Martà ­n made the fateful decision to support Bernardo OHiggins over Jose Miguel Carrera and his brothers. Meanwhile, in northern Argentina, the Army of the north had been defeated by the Spanish, clearly proving once and for all that the route to Peru through Upper Peru (Bolivia) would be too difficult. In July of 1816, San Martà ­n finally got approval for his plan to cross into Chile and attack Peru from the south from President Juan Martà ­n de Pueyrredà ³n. The Army of the Andes San Martà ­n immediately began recruiting, outfitting and drilling the Army of the Andes. By the end of 1816, he had an army of some 5,000 men, including a healthy mix of infantry, cavalry, artillerymen and support forces. He recruited officers and accepted tough Gauchos into his army, usually as horsemen. Chilean exiles were welcome, and he appointed OHiggins as his immediate subordinate. There was even a regiment of British soldiers who would fight bravely in Chile. San Martà ­n was obsessed with details, and the army was as well equipped and trained as he could make it. The horses all had shoes, blankets, boots, and weapons were procured, the food was ordered and preserved, etc. No detail was too trivial for San Martà ­n and the Army of the Andes, and his planning would pay off when the army crossed the Andes. Crossing the Andes In January of 1817, the army set off. The Spanish forces in Chile were expecting him and he knew it. Should the Spanish decide to defend the pass he chose, he could face a hard battle with weary troops. But he fooled the Spanish by mentioning an incorrect route in confidence to some Indian allies. As he had suspected, the Indians were playing both sides and sold the information to the Spanish. Therefore, the royalist armies were far to the south of where San Martà ­n actually crossed. The crossing was arduous, as flatland soldiers and Gauchos struggled with the freezing cold and high altitudes, but San Martà ­ns meticulous planning paid off and he lost relatively few men and animals. In February of 1817, the Army of the Andes entered Chile unopposed. The Battle of Chacabuco The Spanish soon realized they had been duped and scrambled to keep the Army of the Andes out of Santiago. The Governor, Casimiro Marcà ³ del Pont, sent all available forces out under the command of General Rafael Maroto with the purpose of delaying San Martà ­n until reinforcements could arrive. They met at the  Battle of Chacabuco  on February 12, 1817. The result was a huge patriot victory: Maroto was completely routed, losing half his force, while the Patriot losses were negligible. The Spanish in Santiago fled, and San Martà ­n rode triumphantly into the city at the head of his army. The Battle of Maipu San Martà ­n still believed that for Argentina and Chile to be truly free, the Spanish needed to be removed from their stronghold in Peru. Still covered in glory from his triumph at Chacabuco, he returned to Buenos Aires to get funds and reinforcements. News from Chile soon brought him hurrying back across the Andes. Royalist and Spanish forces in southern Chile had joined with reinforcements and were threatening Santiago. San Martà ­n took charge of the patriot forces once more and met the Spanish at  the Battle of Maipu  on April 5, 1818. The Patriots crushed the Spanish army, killing some 2,000, capturing around 2,200 and seizing all of the Spanish artillery. The stunning victory at Maipu marked the definitive liberation of Chile: Spain would never again mount a serious threat to the area. On to Peru With Chile finally secure, San Martin could set his sights on Peru at last. He began building or acquiring a navy for Chile: a tricky task, given that the governments in Santiago and  Buenos Aires  were virtually bankrupt. It was difficult to make Chileans and Argentines see the benefits of liberating Peru, but San Martà ­n had great prestige by then and he was able to convince them. In August of 1820, he departed from Valparaiso with a modest army of some 4,700 soldiers and 25 cannons, well supplied with horses, weapons, and food. It was a smaller force than what San Martà ­n believed he would need. March to Lima San Martà ­n believed that the best way to liberate Peru was to get the Peruvian people to accept independence voluntarily. By 1820, royalist Peru was an isolated outpost of Spanish influence. San Martà ­n had liberated Chile and Argentina to the south, and  Simà ³n Bolà ­var  and Antonio Josà © de Sucre had freed Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela to the north, leaving only Peru and present-day Bolivia under Spanish rule. San Martà ­n had brought a printing press with him on the expedition, and he began bombarding citizens of Peru with pro-independence propaganda. He maintained a steady correspondence with Viceroys Joaquà ­n de la Pezuela and Josà © de la Serna in which he urged them to accept the inevitability of independence and surrender willingly in order to avoid bloodshed. Meanwhile, San Martà ­ns army was closing in on Lima. He captured Pisco on September 7 and Huacho on November 12. Viceroy La Serna responded by moving the royalist army from Lima to the defensible port of Callao in July of 1821, basically abandoning the city of Lima to San Martà ­n. The people of Lima, who feared an uprising by slaves and Indians more than they feared the army of Argentines and Chileans at their doorstep, invited  San Martin  into the city. On July 12, 1821, he triumphantly entered Lima to the cheers of the populace. Protector of Peru On July 28, 1821, Peru officially declared independence, and on August 3, San Martà ­n was named Protector of Peru and set about setting up a government. His brief rule was enlightened and marked by stabilizing the economy, freeing slaves, giving freedom to the Peruvian Indians and abolishing such hateful institutions as censorship and the Inquisition. The Spanish had armies at the port of Callao and high in the mountains. San Martà ­n starved out the garrison at Callao and waited for the Spanish army to attack him along the narrow, easily defended coastline leading to Lima: they wisely declined, leaving a sort of stalemate. San Martà ­n would later be accused of cowardice for failing to seek out the Spanish army, but to do so would have been foolish and unnecessary. Meeting of the Liberators Meanwhile, Simà ³n Bolà ­var and Antonio Josà © de Sucre were sweeping down out of the north, chasing the Spanish out of northern  South America. San Martà ­n and Bolà ­var met in Guayaquil in July of 1822 to decide how to proceed. Both men came away with a negative impression of the other. San Martà ­n decided to step down and allow Bolà ­var the glory of crushing the final Spanish resistance in the mountains. His decision was most likely made because he knew that they would not get along and one of them would have to step aside, which Bolà ­var would never do. Retirement and Death San Martà ­n returned to Peru, where he had become a controversial figure. Some adored him and wanted him to become King of Peru, while others detested him and wanted him out of the nation completely. The staid soldier soon tired of the endless bickering and backstabbing of government life and abruptly retired. By September of 1822, he was out of Peru and back in Chile. When he heard that his beloved wife Remedios was ill, he hastened back to Argentina but she died before he reached her side. San Martà ­n soon decided that he was better off elsewhere, and took his young daughter Mercedes to Europe. They settled in France. In 1829, Argentina called him back to help settle a dispute with Brazil which eventually would lead to the establishment of the nation of Uruguay. He returned, but by the time he reached Argentina the tumultuous government had once again changed and he was not welcome. He spent two months in Montevideo before returning once again to France. There he led a quiet life before passing away in 1850. Personal Life San Martà ­n was a consummate military professional, who lived a  Spartan  life. He had little tolerance for dances, festivals and showy parades, even when they were in his honor (unlike Bolà ­var, who loved such pomp and pageantry). He was loyal to his beloved wife during most of his campaigns, only taking a clandestine lover at the end of his fighting in Lima. His early wounds pained him greatly, and San Martin took a great deal of laudanum to relieve his suffering. Although it occasionally clouded his mind, it did not keep him from winning great battles. He enjoyed cigars and an occasional glass of wine. He refused almost all of the honors and rewards that grateful people of South America tried to give him, including rank, positions, land, and money. Legacy San Martà ­n had asked in his will that his heart is buried in Buenos Aires: in 1878 his remains were brought to the Buenos Aires Cathedral, where they still rest in a stately tomb. San Martà ­n is the greatest national hero of Argentina and he is considered a great hero by Chile and Peru as well. In Argentina, there are statues, streets, parks, and schools named after him wherever you go. As a liberator, his glory is as great or nearly as great as that of Simà ³n Bolà ­var. Like Bolà ­var, he was a visionary able to see beyond the confining borders of his own homeland and visualize a continent free of foreign rule. Also like Bolà ­var, he was constantly stymied by the petty ambitions of the lesser men who surrounded him. He differs from Bolà ­var chiefly in his actions after independence: while Bolà ­var exhausted the last of his energies fighting to unite South America into one great nation, San Martà ­n quickly tired of backstabbing politicians and retired to a quiet life in exile. The history of South America might have been very different had San Martà ­n remained involved in politics. He believed that the people of Latin America needed a firm hand to lead them and was a proponent of establishing a monarchy, preferably led by some European prince, in the lands he liberated. San Martà ­n was criticized during his life for cowardice for failing to chase nearby Spanish armies or for waiting for days in order to meet them on a ground of his choosing. History has borne out his decisions and today his military choices are held up as examples of martial prudence rather than cowardice. His life was full of courageous decisions, from deserting the Spanish army to fight for Argentina to crossing the Andes to  free Chile  and Peru, which were not his homeland. San Martà ­n was an outstanding general, courageous leader, and visionary politician and is very deserving of his heroic status in the nations he liberated. Sources Gray, William H. â€Å"The Social Reforms of San Martin.† The Americas 7.1, 1950. 3–11.Francisco San Martà ­n, Jose. Antologà ­a. Barcelona: Linkgua-Digital, 2019.Harvey, Robert.  Liberators: Latin Americas Struggle for Independence  Woodstock: The Overlook Press, 2000.Lynch, John.  The Spanish American Revolutions 1808-1826  New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1986.

Automobile and Martha Johnson Essay Example for Free

Automobile and Martha Johnson Essay Martha Johnson is a mid- class work family. Martha’s goals are buy a car, rent an apartment, stay home and be a full time student, go on vacation, or save the money. The money she has it is from her aunt. Her aunt passed away and left Martha money. I am writing this essay to recommend my option on how Martha Johnson should spend her money. The chose I am going to make is going to help her out how to spend her money. The first goal that Martha has in mind is to buy a car. The advantages is that she has a car that she can use to go to school and go to work. She can also use the car to take her mom to her doctor appointments. Also she can go to the store when she wants to buy something like food, or clothes she will go shopping. The disadvantages is that Martha will have to pay for gas and pay car insurance for the car she buys. She will need to buy a use car not a new car. Also she would need to repair the car if it has any problems with the car. The second goal is that Martha wants to rent an apartment to herself and share it with a roommate also she is going to be a full time student . The advantages is that Martha will have her own place and wont be living with her parents. She will also be close to school and she will be walking instead of driving to school. She will also will be able to finish her career early. Automobile and Martha Johnson. (2017, Feb 08). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

International Law & Institutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

International Law & Institutions - Essay Example This obligation, as it applies to the acts of a single nation, and the rather restrictive exceptions to it are known as the rules on unilateral use of force. At the same time, there is the concept of collective security, which allows the community of nations to arise and oppose an aggressor nation together. This is regulated by the rules of collective security. Therefore, there are many situations where disputes between nations can break down into open conflict, and such conflict may still be completely legitimate under international law. 'All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of an State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.'4 This builds on the preceding provision which places an obligation on Members to settle disputes peacefully5 which in turn follows from the very purposes and reasons for the United Nations, that being the maintenance of peace and security and the prevention and removal of threats thereto.6 De Arechega describes Article 2(4) as 'the cardinal rule of international law and the cornerstone of peaceful relations among States.'7 This altered the age-old rule, applying up till 1949, that use of force was a legitimate remedy of last resort in all international disputes. While the Covenant of the League of Nations and the Briand-Kellogg Treaty condemned the 'resort to war' this was interpreted as only covering an all out declaration of war, and not uses of force short of war, which became in practice, all out war so long as no declaration of such was made. Article 2(4) therefore refers to 'force' and not 'war' and it expressly includes the threat of force. Force has been interpreted as armed force of all kinds, but not political pressure or economic sanction. The wording of Article 2(4), although a marked improvement on predecessors, is still open to arguments as to interpretation. Probably the most obvious is the apparent qualification of the obligation only to cases where 'territorial integrity or political independence' is challenged. In the Corfu Channel Case (Albania v United Kingdom)8 the United Kingdom Navy entered Albanian waters to sweep mines. The ships did so and then left the Albanian waters. The United Kingdom argued that since its action threatened neither the territory nor independence of Albania, it did not breach 2(4). The International Court of Justice decided however that the action of the United Kingdom was an unlawful use of force.9 Article 2(4) can therefore, as far as it goes, be seen as a legal obligation on states to genuinely refrain from the use of force. However, despite its legal validity, it may not have been quite so successful in practice. If Article 2(4) can be seen as a failure, I think the clearest demonstration of this is seen in the context of the Cold War. The Cold War attacked the resolve of 2(4) in two ways. The first was by changes in technology and the scope and effects that warfare would take on in the post nuclear

Samedaymay30 Peer Response DQ1AB and DQ2 NA8 Essay

Samedaymay30 Peer Response DQ1AB and DQ2 NA8 - Essay Example It is my opinion that decentralized companies are more effective and productive. The effectiveness of a centralized company is highly dependent on the skills and capabilities of the upper management team. Companies that use a centralized system typically coordinate the efforts of the company from its corporate headquarters (Lexisnexis, 2012). Your example about Ford Company was very informative and aligned with the course discussion. I agree with you that companies that want to consolidate power at the top utilize the centralized organization structure. A few years ago I worked at a company that used a centralized structure. This organization was very effective because the CEO was a charismatic leader. A charismatic leader is a person that is able to have a profound and extraordinary effect on followers due to his personal abilities (Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, 2003). This CEO had great ideas and he utilized a tremendous strategic approach. The employees did not have power or responsibilities beyond their work duties, but most the employee were happy with the firm because the workers were respected and appreciated. An example of respect in the workplace is using people’s ideas to change or improve work (Heathfield, 2012). I have never worked in a U-form organization, but based on your description of this structure I believe that U-form organizations can be very effective in the business world. Lexisnexis.com (2012). Forms of organization: centralized vs. decentralized Retrieved May 25, 2012 from

Inputs Diagnosis Whole Foods Essay Example for Free

Inputs Diagnosis Whole Foods Essay The range of competitors within the overall industry include chain and independent supermarkets (Krogers, Safeway, others); mass merchandisers and super centers (Wal-mart,Target); convenience stores; wholesale clubs (Sam’s); restaurants and fast food chains andnatural food stores (Whole Foods, Wild Oats Generally the concentration of competitors has been fragmented by geography. However, through recent consolidations, the emergence of regional and national chains has started to prevail along with the decline of the independent/local shops. This consolidation activity has allowed many companies to spread their fixed costs over a wider range of output, thus creating more efficiency in operations. Often, it is cheaper for a company to acquire an incumbent due to the location of their stores and access to customers rather than to raise the capital for entirely new stores, which is how Whole Foods has been able to expand following their growth model strategy. Whole Foods acquisition growth plan has helped them to gain enough economies of scale to better compete with the Wal-marts and Sam’s Clubs. Threat of Substitutes Price of substitutes plays a role in determining a company’s profitability. Organic food is priced at a premium to conventional food reflecting the high labor costs in cultivating the product. The price premium may be one reason why organic food has not become mainstream. Another reason is that consumers either lack education about its benefits (or don’t care) so that the price premium does not appear to be justified. However, when comparing upscale organic and prepared foods to competitors such as restaurants, the benefit/cost ratio appears more justified. Market research conducted shows that â€Å"20 percent of shoppers as dedicated to healthy eating†.(PRNEWSWIRE, 2013) These shoppers tend to be better educated, more affluent, couples or singles without children, and generally in better physical shape than the rest of the population. These individuals that actively seek out health and nutritional information, are younger to middle aged, and have medium to high household incomes. Thus, this market segment likely has a higher propensity to substitute than the segment above, but still is probably lower than the overall market. In total, the organic segment of the market has captured â€Å"73 percent of consumers as of 2008†.(QSRMAGAZINE, 2013) Buyer Power The retail grocery market is typically considered somewhat resistant to economic downturns, thus, to some degree, consumers’ food budgets are price insensitive. However, there is risk that consumers will switch from high quality / high margin stores to mass merchandisers (Walmart, Shop N Save) to stretch declining incomes further in a downturn market. Furthermore, while individual consumers typically lack significant buyer power to affect the specific prices of products, collectively, they can exert influence on retailers to sell or not sell specific types of products. Supplier Power The organic food suppliers are not highly concentrated, so natural food retailers have some power over them. Also, the natural food retailers may have the ability to backward integrate with partnerships and joint ventures with local growers. In addition, there is a trend for top conventional food manufacturers to invest in national/organic food companies as shown by the following excerpt * Kraft (NYSE: KFT ) : Boca Foods, Back to Nature * PepsiCo (NYSE: PEP ) : Naked Juice * General Mills (NYSE: GIS ) : Cascadian Farm, Muir Glen * Dean Foods: Horizon, The Organic Cow of Vermont, Alta Dena, White Wave/Silk * ConAgra (NYSE: CAG ) : Lightlife, Alexia Foods * Kellogg (NYSE: K ) : Morningstar Farms, Kashi, Gardenburger, Bear Naked * Coca-Cola (NYSE: KO ) : Odwalla * MM Mars: Seeds of Change * Hain Celestial (Nasdaq: HAIN ) : Nile Spice, Health Valley, Bearitos, Earths Best, Walnut Acres (FOOL, 2013) Thus, the larger number of suppliers of organic products, the less influence one supplier can have in the market. Threat of New Entry Because the retail grocery market is typically low margin, â€Å"typically in the mid-single digit range†.(VALUELINE, 2013) It is critical for companies to have some type of cost advantage over peers, the larger chains may be able to obtain better and cheaper access to products than the independent stores(economies of scale). Labor is also a significant cost to retail grocers, representing 50% to 53% of total operating costs (EHOW, 2013). Other operating costs (including rent, utilities, transportation, and technology) are controllable by the company. Lastly, technology costs are key in the retail grocery industry in order to increase efficiency in operations and aid marketing aids. Point-of-sale systems can help to increase inventory turnover and sales and lead to better targeted customer marketing (COUNTERPOINTPOS, 2013) Other areas that affect new entry into a market include capital requirements, economies of scale, and brand identity. All of these factors have been discussed to some degree under other forces. Retaliation by incumbent competitors is an important element in determining the threat of new entry. Specifically, Whole Foods faces a threat from conventional supermarkets and mass merchandisers who may move to carry organic products within their stores. CONGRUENCE MODEL In conducting the Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model, of Whole Foods Markets inputs and how they align with the strategy. I have resubmitted the model for your review The congruence model has four modals for analysis: 1. Inputs resources used by the organization but also its history and its social, economic and market position. Resources include people, technology, capital and reputation 2. Strategies what strategies best match the inputs to produce and how to produce those outputs from the available inputs. 3. Organizational components allows the analyst to isolate the individual influences and adjust them for a good fit 4. Performance -include the ability to pinpoint where performance is not adequate and to trace the reason back to a lack of congruence in the models part (SMALLBUSINESS 2013) The model is good for input diagnosis and it can be broken down with the following steps: TASKS The work itself does not need any specific skill set or knowledge except to be as personable as possible and like dealing with people. While there are materialistic rewards to working at whole Foods the other reward is the ability to have a vote in how things happen in the company. Whole Foods runs on â€Å"democratic capitalism; where all of the work is teamwork.†(Fastcompany, 2013) the system itself tends to creative while at the same time it is mechanistic as everything has to be in its correct spot just so-so. The work flows from the top down with a healthy response for the department teams. The department teams have the sole discretionary right to hire and approve new hires which upper management screens first. The work is through, caring and precise. The teams are interdependent as they are all an integral part of the stores success as a whole together. PEOPLE The people of Whole Foods are a team oriented group with a single mindedness to have their store succeed with a democratic disciplined outlook. Most of the employees are young, well-educated individuals whose participation reinforces attention to performance and profit. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: The organization is set up as a virtuous circle which has a two way avenue to company policies to improve the company’s bottom line. Whole Foods has a knack to please their customers and every employee is empowered to correct as discrepancy that is brought to their attention by a customer. Each department is s3et up as a team which has a direct bearing on bonuses through â€Å"gainsharing†. (Fastcompany, 2013) Sales per labor hour the productivity metric at Whole Foods, democracy reinforces discipline. If someone doesn’t do the work and gets a poor rating then the team suffers in lost bonus money. Culture People work as a team to get the product out the door and keep customers happy and returning for repeat business. With that said the company’s success is driven by their employee’s attention to detail and satisfying the customer. Whole Foods has open salary concept where everyone knows what everybody else makes salary and bonuses. Also every store knows what another store is doing in sales, salary and bonuses. With that being known an individual wanting to transfer to another store or state knows what that store is doing financially and is able to make a well informed decision as to what to do with their career. There appears to be no political intrigue involved with the company and the â€Å"Hill† as most of the food wholesale segment is already tightly monitored as far as food safety and other regulation. The above listed modals are in in alignment with the major strength of Whole Foods in comparison to the Congruence model and Porters Five Forces Model. Their strength is the fact tht they can withstand entry of new competition due to their market chare and market segmentation. While company’s can enter into the retail food market they would be hard pressed to copy Whole foods business strategy in empowering their employees and making it work as far as satisfying their customers and meeting Whole Foods profit margin. Porter’s five forces strength model aligns quite well with the resources modal of the congruence model and several of the segments blur as everything is not cut and dried and able to be placed in the puzzle of what is Whole Foods. As a whole the strategies under the congruence and Porters model align with the complete Porter’s Five Forces Model well to give a rounded view of what Whole Foods is and what they can do if they stick to their mission statement and core values. Under the restraints of this report all of the congruence segments critical to the analysis as broken down the model reinforce Porters with their strength segment. As listed above the three input factors complement each other in regards to the strengths of the company as a whole. Also if you review my earlier reports all of my suppositions are supported and well documented as to how Whole Foods supports its marketing style and fills a niche with customers in search of alternatives to non-natural food stuffs.. References Percent health food consumers retrieved February 2013 from http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-survey-shows-shoppers-eating-more-meals-at-home-cooking-meals-to-save-money-62056997.html Flat Lining Organics retrieved February 2013 from http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-survey-shows-shoppers-eating-more-meals-at-home-cooking-meals-to-save-money-62056997.html Investing in organics retrieved February 2013 from http://www.fool.com/investing/high-growth/2009/01/16/investing-in-organics.aspx Retail grocery market industry analysis retrieved February 2013 from http://www.valueline.com/Stocks/Industry_Report.aspx?id=7243 calculate food

Physics of Skydiving Essay -- Sports Physics Sky Diving

The Physics of Skydiving What Is Skydiving? Skydiving is an adrenaline-based sport with a fairly simple concept -- jump from a high place (usually out of a plane) from several thousand feet above sea level and hope and pray for a safe landing. This safe landing is often times achieved through the use of a device called a parachute, which enables the skydiver to reduce his speed to such a point that colliding with the earth will not be fatal. This paper will explain a few of the key concepts behind the physics of skydiving. First we will explore why a skydiver accelerates after he leaps out of the plane before his jump, second we will try and explain the drag forces effecting the skydiver, and lastly we will attempt to explain how terminal velocity works. Acceleration Due To Gravity Why does a skydiver accelerate as he leaps from the plane? The answer to this question is relatively simple: gravity. Gravity acts on all bodies in the universe, and each bodies' gravitional effects are related. The body that the majority of the human population is affected by is the planet earth. The gravitational acceleration produced from earth is approximately 9.8 m/s^2, which changes slightly as you move closer to or away from the earth's center of mass. Lets examine an instance for which a person named Joe prepairs for his first skydiving experience. Joe gets on a plane with an instructor and heads towards the sky. First off, while Joe is in the plane, he does not constantly accelerate downward, assuming the altitude of the plane remains constant. Why might this be the case? Newton's Second Law states, "The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass" ... ...e equals mass times acceleration, and mass is constant, acceleration must then be equal to 0. Thus velocity has reached its max and is now constant. Here is an example of how air resistance affects two different bodies. Interestingly enough, one can actually change their "terminal" velocity. For instance, if Joe were to jump out of the plane and position in the prone, spread eagle position, his surface area would be at his maximum. Thus the terminal velocity he would reach would be lower than the terminal velocity he would reach if he dove from the plane head first. When Joe transitions from spread eagle to the head first position, his surface area decreases, thus allowing for an increase in speed. With the knowledge of these concepts of physics, one should now be able (with training) to safely partake in skydiving. A safe landing should not be an issue! Physics of Skydiving Essay -- Sports Physics Sky Diving The Physics of Skydiving What Is Skydiving? Skydiving is an adrenaline-based sport with a fairly simple concept -- jump from a high place (usually out of a plane) from several thousand feet above sea level and hope and pray for a safe landing. This safe landing is often times achieved through the use of a device called a parachute, which enables the skydiver to reduce his speed to such a point that colliding with the earth will not be fatal. This paper will explain a few of the key concepts behind the physics of skydiving. First we will explore why a skydiver accelerates after he leaps out of the plane before his jump, second we will try and explain the drag forces effecting the skydiver, and lastly we will attempt to explain how terminal velocity works. Acceleration Due To Gravity Why does a skydiver accelerate as he leaps from the plane? The answer to this question is relatively simple: gravity. Gravity acts on all bodies in the universe, and each bodies' gravitional effects are related. The body that the majority of the human population is affected by is the planet earth. The gravitational acceleration produced from earth is approximately 9.8 m/s^2, which changes slightly as you move closer to or away from the earth's center of mass. Lets examine an instance for which a person named Joe prepairs for his first skydiving experience. Joe gets on a plane with an instructor and heads towards the sky. First off, while Joe is in the plane, he does not constantly accelerate downward, assuming the altitude of the plane remains constant. Why might this be the case? Newton's Second Law states, "The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass" ... ...e equals mass times acceleration, and mass is constant, acceleration must then be equal to 0. Thus velocity has reached its max and is now constant. Here is an example of how air resistance affects two different bodies. Interestingly enough, one can actually change their "terminal" velocity. For instance, if Joe were to jump out of the plane and position in the prone, spread eagle position, his surface area would be at his maximum. Thus the terminal velocity he would reach would be lower than the terminal velocity he would reach if he dove from the plane head first. When Joe transitions from spread eagle to the head first position, his surface area decreases, thus allowing for an increase in speed. With the knowledge of these concepts of physics, one should now be able (with training) to safely partake in skydiving. A safe landing should not be an issue!

Assignment Essay

Answer each question thoroughly and completely. Each question is worth up to 5 points, and the complete assignment is worth up to 30 points. 1. The first task will be to introduce yourself and let me know what your background is in music and online learning. Give your name, if you play (or have played) an instrument or sing, and if you’ve ever taken an online class. Answer: My name is Huy Huynh and this is the third year of me in Golden West College. I have not had a chance to take choir nor any music-related classes before so my knowledge about music is not as wise, but I really like to listen to music and I’d love to know more and learn about the development of music. I have taken online classes before and I know that it requires self-study, self-discipline and independence more than on-campus courses. 2. Explain why you have decided to take Music Appreciation online, and what two things you would like to get out of this class by the end of the course (besides a good grade). Answer: I have decided to take Music Apprecation online because I am curious about how has music developed and how are the music in the past and present different. By the end of the course, the two things I would like to get out of this class with are the knowledge and an understanding of music in the past centuries. 3. Part One in the book discusses the elements of music, including musical form. Find a song that you like that utilizes binary, ternary, or call and response form. Make sure you indicate the song title, artist, and how the song matches one of those forms. Answer: Twinkle Twinkle by Jane Taylor is the song that I have thought of at this  moment in which I think is Ternary form because it extends the idea of how shiny and mysterious the stars are in the little kids’ eyes and departure by bringing back the first section. 4. After reading and listening to the examples in the first few chapters, you have hopefully gained a little better understanding of pitch, range, and tone with instruments and voices. Describe the many varieties of musical sounds possible from the human voice. Be sure to consider issues such as range, social function, historical period, and regional styles when constructing your answer. Answer: Falsetto: is the lightest register and requires loose vocal cords and incomplete closure which produces a breathy voice that can sound quite feminine although it is generally used by men rather than women. Falsetto is a higher range than the head voice; it relies on completely relaxed vocal folds and may sound breathy. Imagine the Bee Gees singing â€Å"Stayin’ Alive†, or Terry Jones playing an old woman in Monty Python; that is the sound of the falsetto voice. It is generally more obvious in men using it, but women, in the higher voices, usually use falsetto voice adjustments. It is a difficult register to sing accurately in, and it tends to be rather soft, except when there is amplification through resonance by a well-tuned vocal tract. It also requires an uncomfortable muscle effort for many men. It is a quite distinct range from the head voice, and generally when singers describe their range they exclude the falsetto voice. Falsetto is a singing technique that produces sounds pitched higher than the singer’s normal range. Falsetto can also mean an artificially raised speaking pitch. This often occurs momentarily if repeatedly in males during puberty for psychosocial reasons. The break between voice registers, audible or not, is called the passaggio. The falsetto register is used by male countertenors to approximate the register in classical voice that previously employed castrati, in pieces written before castratism became socially unacceptable and eventually universally outlawed. It is also used by many male rock and roll singers such as Jon Anderson of Yes, King Diamond of Mercyful Fate, Justin Hawkins of the Darkness and the solo artist David Usher to produce their over-the-top soaring vocals. Many people consider women, because of physical differences from males, to not have or be capable of falsetto. However, many female singers, such as Mariah Carey, do employ falsetto to extend their range. Whistle: The physiology of the whistle register is the most poorly understood of the vocal registers. It is known that when producing pitches in this register vibration occurs only in some anterior portion of the vocal folds. This shorter vibrating length naturally allows for easier production of high pitches. The physiological process that causes this is not currently known. Though the whistle register is most commonly used to produce pitches above E6, it can be used to produce lower pitches. By the physiological definition just detailed, it is a configuration of the vocal folds and not a range of pitches. There is, however, no universally agreed upon scheme for classifying vocal registers, so it is common to see other definitions. See the article on vocal registration for a discussion. In the European classical music, the whistle register is only rarely called for. When it is, it is exclusively used by coloratura sopranos to produce pitches above C6. Probably the most well-known example of the whistle register in European classical music is the aria â€Å"Der Hà ¶lle Rache kocht in meinem Herzen† from the opera Die Zauberflà ¶te; it calls for several pitches above C6, up to F6. In the popular music of the West, the whistle register is used more often than in its classical music. It is used with more variety and to produce  much higher pitches than are called for in classical music. It is most often used by females – its best known exponent almost certainly being Mariah Carey – though there are a few male singers who use it. See the category â€Å"Whistle register singers† (linked below) for a more comprehensive list and individual singers’ articles for more detail. There are also non-musical uses of the whistle register. Famously, a properly pitched whistle register tone can shatter glass. It is also common for children of all sexes and for young women to shriek loudly in a way that sounds much like the whistle register, though it is unknown whether the physiological mechanism is in fact the same. Yodeling: (or Yodelling) is a form of singing that involves rapidly switching from the â€Å"chest voice† to the â€Å"head voice† making a high-low-high-low sound. This vocal technique is found in many cultures throughout the world. In Swiss folk music, it was probably developed in the Swiss Alps as a method of communication between mountain peaks, and it later became a part of the traditional music of the region. In Persian and Azeri Classical musics, singers frequently use tahrir, a yodeling technique that oscillates on neighbor tones. In Georgian traditional music, yodelling takes the form of krimanchuli technique. In Central Africa, Pygmy singers use yodels within their elaborate polyphonic singing. Yodeling is often used in American bluegrass and country music. To yodel, one sings a scale continuously upwards, until one’s voice â€Å"breaks† (switches octaves) into one’s â€Å"head voice† (also known as falsetto in men). This point is one’s â€Å"voice break†. Then one must go back down a note, and up again, over the voice break. This is done repeatedly at a loud volume. 5. Choose four musical instruments, each instrument representing one of the four families of instruments. Describe the physical appearance and how sound is produced for each instrument, and what the most common use of each instrument is in music. Answer: Four musical instruments : Trumpet: brass wind musical instrument of part cylindrical, part conical bore, in the shape of a flattened loop and having three piston valves to regulate the pitch. Its origin is ancient; records of a type of simple valveless trumpet are found in China from as early as 2000 B.C., and it is mentioned in the Bible and in Greek and Roman history. It attained its present shape early in the 15th cent., at which time it became an important ceremonial instrument. It was used in the opera orchestra as early as Monteverdi’s Orfeo (1607) and became a standard orchestral instrument later in the century. At this time the trumpet lacked valves, and a highly developed technique existed for playing in the upper register of the instrument, where a complete diatonic scale was available. The trumpet parts of Bach and Handel were written for such a style. Later in the 18th cent. this bright quality was not desired, and the trumpet was used more in its lower register. The instrument will accept a mute, used to repress some of its stridency. Crooks, additional lengths of tubing, were added to the natural trumpet to allow the adjustment of pitch. This was a fairly clumsy method, however, and was superseded in the early 19th cent., when valves were added. A transposing instrument, it is now most often in B flat. A bass trumpet in C was first called for by Wagner. The trumpet is an important member of most dance and jazz bands. Drum: in music, percussion instrument, known in various forms and played throughout the world and throughout history. Essentially a drum is a frame over which one or more membranes or skins are stretched. The frame is usually cylindrical or conical, but it comes in many other shapes. It acts as a resonator when the membrane is struck by the hand or by an implement, usually a stick or a whisk. The variety of tone and the volume of sound from a drum depend on the area, tension, and material of the membrane that is struck and, more particularly, on the skill of the player. The rhythmic effects of drum playing can be exceedingly complex, especially the intricate polyrhythmic arrangements of Asian and African cultures. The modern orchestra may have as many as five drums under one player, allowing an impressive range of tones. In Western music the kettledrum is of special importance. A metal bowl with a membrane stretched over the open side, it is the only drum that can be tuned to a  definite pitch. It originated in Persia and spread throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe; it was later adapted into orchestral music. The kettledrum was formerly tuned by hand screws placed around the edge; now it can be tuned by a pedal mechanism. The bass drum, especially popular in military bands, is a huge wooden cylinder with a drumhead (membrane) on both ends. The snare drum (sometimes called the side drum) also has a drumhead at either end; across one end are stretched gut strings wound with wire. These strings rattle when the other end of the drum is beaten. The tenor drum is primarily used in military bands and is normally played with small felt sticks. The tambourine, known from Roman times, is a single-headed small drum, usually with jingles attached to the frame; it is shaken and struck by hand. Violin: family of stringed musical instruments having wooden bodies whose backs and fronts are slightly convex, the fronts pierced by two &florin;-shaped resonance holes. The instruments of the violin family have been the dominant bowed instruments because of their versatility, brilliance, and balance of tone, and their wide dynamic range. A variety of sounds may be produced, e.g., by different types of bowing or by plucking the string (see pizzicato). The violin has always been the most important member of the family, from the beginning being the principal orchestral instrument and holding an equivalent position in chamber music and as a solo instrument. The technique of the violin was developed much earlier than that of the viola or cello. The double bass is not a violin but a viol. Flute: in music, generic term for such wind instruments as the fife, the flageolet, the panpipes, the piccolo, and the recorder. The tone of all flutes is produced by an airstream directed against an edge, producing eddies that set up vibrations in the air enclosed in the attached tube. In the transverse flute, the principal orchestral flute today, the edge is on the mouth hole on the side of the instrument, over which the player blows. The oldest known archaeological remains of any musical instrument are those of flutes carved of bone and ivory that were found in SW Germany and are at least 42,000 years old. The oldest complete, playable flute is a nearly 9,000-year-old bone flute that was found in E central China. The transverse flute is also an extremely old instrument, universal in ancient and primitive cultures; it was known in Europe by the 9th cent. During the baroque period both the recorder and the transverse flute were used in the orchestra, the latter by Lully in 1672. In the classical period the transverse flute displaced the less-powerful recorder, which could not match its dynamic range. In the 19th cent. the transverse flute assumed substantially its present form after the improvements of Theobald Boehm (1794–1881), who ascertained the acoustically correct size and placement of the holes and devised an ingenious system of keys to cover them. The flute was originally made of wood but is now most often of silver. It is the most brilliant and agile of the orchestral woodwinds, and it also has a considerable solo and chamber-music literature. The transverse flute has been made in several keys, but the C flute has long been standard. The alto flute in G, a fourth below the regular flute, is notated as a transposing instrument. 6. This is an activity question. For 1/2 to 1 hour this week, you are to pay attention and write down the music you hear; watch TV for one show or go to the mall for a little while and walk around to listen to all the music. Notice how much music is a part of EVERYTHING we do. Now, after you’ve written down what you heard, provide a detailed summary of what you found out. Do you notice a pattern of aggressive music if you are watching a sporting event (even in the commercials)? Is there a lot of percussion and brass, electronic sounds, or? Was there any pattern at all, or just random? Write about what you heard. Answer: While I was walking in a mall and listened to the music in the shopping stores, I almost forgot what was I supposed to do and walked straight to the stores in which I think that music can attract customers by bringing lively engery to them. Yes, I do notice a pattern of aggressive music when I am watching a sporting event. There is a lot of percussion in which people play drums, bells, and brasses are almost every where to cheer up their teams. I heard people are just playing percussion and brass in random to brighten the atsmosphere and inspirit their teams’ motivation.

Cell Phone Use While Driving Essay

Cell phones and driving are like oil and water, they don’t mix well together. Not only is using your cell phone while driving dangerous, in some states it’s against the law (Which States Have Cell Phone, Texting While Driving Bans, 2011). It is smart to just let that text or call wait until you can pull safely off the road and answer it, or even wait until you have reached your destination to return the call. I don’t believe cell phones are the most dangerous distraction during driving, but it falls at the top of the list. You can feel the consequences of driving while using your cell phone mentally, physically, and financially. Driving while talking on the phone can affect your mental state. When engaged in a conversation on your cell while driving, your reaction times become slower. â€Å"The act of holding a conversation hinders the driver’s visual processing skills† (Cell phones create mental distraction, not physical hindrance, 2009, p.6). Your mind is elsewhere when it’s not focused on the road. To avoid causing harm to yourself or someone else, it is best to put the cell phone down and focus on the road. Additionally, driving and texting affect a person physically. The number one culprit of physical distractions is texting. If asked most mobile phone users believe driving while texting should be banned, but do it anyway. â€Å"49% of driver’s with cell phones between 20-29 years of age admit they text while driving† (Drivers Pan Texting Behind the Wheel, But Do It Anyway, 2009). That just shows that people have no regards to themselves, others, or the law. Just a quick glance to read or respond to a text is not worth risking your life. Finally, the last repercussion of using your cell phone while driving is the financial toll it can take on you and your family. The laws have been  changed to inflict fines and punishment on people who break this law. In Utah, you can be fined up to $1000 and spend time in jail for texting while driving (Toledo to ban texting while driving; ordinance to go into effect Jan. 1, 2009). That is just legal fines; this doesn’t include how much your insurance premium may go up for causing an accident. You may also be responsible for hospital bills if you cause injury to another motorist. Again, not worth it just to respond to a simple text. In closing, I whole heartedly believe that cell phone use while driving is in close comparison to drinking and driving. People are distracted everyday while driving, but I think cell phones pose a bigger threat as it makes you take your eyes completely off the road and you become unaware of what’s going on in front of, behind, and around you. Consequences could be fatal if you aren’t careful. I bet your family and friends would rather get a message or call from you while you are safe and alive, rather than a call from the police notifying them of an accident you caused due to using your cell phone while driving. References Which States Have Cell Phone, Texting While Driving Bans? (2011, December 14). PC Magazine Online. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA274957396&v=2.1&u=oran95108&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w Cell phones create mental distraction, not physical hindrance. (2009, Spring). Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 12(1), 6. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA218027803&v=2.1&u=oran95108&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w Drivers Pan Texting Behind The Wheel, But Do It Anyway; A survey of 5,000 mobile phone users found about 60% of younger drivers admitted to texting while behind the wheels of their vehicles. (2009, May 20).InformationWeek. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA200206794&v=2.1&u=oran95108&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&p=AONE&sw=w Toledo to ban texting while driving; ordinance to go into effect Jan. 1. (2009, November 25). Blade [Toledo, OH]. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA212836882&v=2.1&u=oran95108&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w